Previously, villages had shared lands for grazing animals that could be used by all villagers. For peasants, however, large-scale production meant fewer economic opportunities. Conditions worsened due to the enclosure movement. According to this principle, increased production of goods leads to increased efficiency. Industrial Revolution's Lasting Effect on Farming The Industrial Revolution demonstrates an idea known as economies of scale. Large, technologically advanced farms replaced subsistence farms. Machines became widely used in farming, and consequently, farms required fewer workers. The European population grew substantially during the 18th century, and farmers increased production to keep pace. Rural people worked as subsistence farmers, which meant they grew crops to feed themselves and their families, not to trade or sell. At the time, most people rarely traveled beyond the small and medium-sized villages where they lived. According to most historians, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the middle of the 18th century. Yet once industrialization commenced, work and family life transformed. Social structures had remained largely unchanged since the Middle Ages. Before industrialization, most European countries had economies dominated by farming and artisan crafts such as hand-woven cloth. These shifts had major effects on the world and continue to shape it today. The Industrial Revolution changed the world by transforming business, economics, and society.
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